Study Sheets

Story Elements

• Character — who
• Setting — when & where
• Plot — what happens
• Conflict — the problem
• Resolution — the solution
• Theme — the big message

Literary Devices

• Simile — compared with like/as
• Metaphor — direct comparison
• Personification — human traits
• Alliteration — repeated first sounds
• Hyperbole — exaggeration
• Foreshadowing — hint at future events

Common Prefixes

• pre- = before  |  re- = again
• un- = not  |  mis- = wrongly
• sub- = under  |  inter- = between

Reading Strategy: SQ3R

• Survey — skim headings first
• Question — turn headings into ?s
• Read — read actively
• Recite — summarize each part
• Review — check your answers

Scientific Method

• 1. Ask a question
• 2. Research
• 3. Hypothesis (If… then… because…)
• 4. Experiment
• 5. Collect & analyze data
• 6. Conclude

Planets (Sun outward)

My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Noodles

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

States of Matter

• Solid — fixed shape & volume
• Liquid — fixed volume, flows
• Gas — fills any container

Photosynthesis

Chlorophyll in leaves traps sunlight

Water Cycle

• Evaporation → Condensation
• Precipitation → Collection
• Then repeats!

Food Chain

Sun → Producer → Primary Consumer → Secondary Consumer → Decomposer

3 Branches of Gov.

• Legislative — Congress, makes laws
• Executive — President, enforces laws
• Judicial — Courts, interprets laws

Geography Terms

• Latitude — N/S lines (equator = 0°)
• Longitude — E/W lines (prime meridian = 0°)
• Peninsula — land on 3 sides by water
• Tributary — small river into big one

Key U.S. Dates

• 1776 — Declaration of Independence
• 1787 — Constitution written
• 1865 — Civil War ends; slavery abolished
• 1920 — Women's suffrage (19th Amendment)
• 1964 — Civil Rights Act

1st Amendment (RAPPS)

• Religion
• Assembly
• Petition
• Press
• Speech

5-Paragraph Essay

• Intro: Hook + Background + Thesis
• Body 1: Topic sentence + evidence
• Body 2: Topic sentence + evidence
• Body 3: Topic sentence + evidence
• Conclusion: Restate + wrap up

Parts of Speech (NAVPACIP)

• Noun, Adjective, Verb
• Pronoun, Adverb, Conjunction
• Interjection, Prepositon

Transition Words

• Add: furthermore, also, in addition
• Contrast: however, on the other hand
• Sequence: first, next, then, finally
• Conclude: therefore, in conclusion

Strong Writing Tips

• Show, don't tell
• Use specific details & sensory words
• Vary sentence length
• Replace "said" with vivid verbs
• Every paragraph = one main idea

Money Formulas

50/30/20 Budget

• 50% — Needs (rent, food, transport)
• 30% — Wants (fun, entertainment)
• 20% — Savings & investments

Key Terms

• Stock — piece of company ownership
• Bond — loan to company/government
• Dividend — profit shared with shareholders
• Index Fund — basket of many stocks
• Compound Interest — interest on interest

Savings & Goal Math

• Save first, spend second
• Start early — time is your friend
• Diversify — spread out risk